OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐投資協(xie)定，對不鏽鋼行(hang)業影響幾何
2025年(nián)12月16日，中歐領導(dǎo)人共同宣布完(wan)成中歐全面投(tóu)資🥰協議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是一(yī)個框架協議，旨(zhi)在取代中國和(he)歐盟成💋員國現(xiàn)有的雙邊投資(zī)條約，構建統一(yī)的中歐雙邊投(tou)資制度。
這一談(tan)判經曆了35輪磋(cuo)商，前後持續超(chāo)過7年，談判曾一(yi)度停滞，近一年(nián)半内有所加快(kuài)，終于在2020年年底(di)完成談判，這也(ye)是繼區域全面(mian)經濟夥伴關系(xi)協定（RCEP）之後，中國(guó)完成的另一個(gè)☎️重大對外開放(fang)⛷️舉措，也是在多(duo)年的逆全球化(huà)進程中，多邊主(zhu)義取得的又一(yī)次意義重大的(de)勝利。
那麼，“中歐(ōu)投資協定”談判(pan)的完成，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業會有影(yǐng)響嗎？
一、如果“中(zhong)歐投資協定”達(dá)成，歐盟對中國(guo)還會有關稅壁(bì)🏃🏻♂️壘🌈麼？
近年來，由(yóu)于歐盟對中國(guo)大陸的不鏽鋼(gang)出口持續的反(fǎn)🧡傾銷，目前歐盟(meng)對中國大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的征收稅(shuì)率高達20%以上，那(na)🏃♀️麼，如果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達成，歐(ōu)盟對中國還😍會(hui)有關稅壁壘麼(me)？
首先需要明确(què)的是，“中歐投資(zi)協定”并不涉及(jí)關稅問題。其次(ci)，假設“中歐投資(zī)協定”對不鏽鋼(gang)出口有一定利(li)好，主要系🧑🏾🤝🧑🏼不鏽(xiù)鋼的相關制成(chéng)品，比如家電等(děng)等。但初㊙️步談判(pàn)完成，協議需進(jin)一步轉化成法(fa)律條文，并經過(guò)歐洲議會批準(zhǔn)後才可生效。該(gāi)🥰過程預計🤞将在(zai)2021年下半⚽年才可(kě)開始。
二、從歐洲(zhou)開放領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資協定(ding)”對中國不鏽鋼(gāng)🔱企業📱走出去有(you)何影響？
從相關(guān)資料顯示來看(kan)，中歐投資協定(ding)将鎖定現有的(de)中國對歐投資(zi)市場準入權，同(tóng)時确保開放歐(ou)洲能源、農業、漁(yu)業、視聽、公共服(fu)務等敏感領域(yu)。此外，根據《服務(wu)貿易總協定》（GATS），歐(ou)盟将在很大程(chéng)度上開放服務(wu)行業。
站在中國(guó)立場，歐洲開放(fang)領域，為中國投(tóu)資者提供了更(geng)大的進入歐盟(méng)能源批發零售(shòu)市場、可再生能(néng)源市場等領域(yu)的機會，帶動中(zhōng)國新能源、汽車(che)等相關産業的(de)出口貿易發展(zhan)。對于中國投資(zī)者，該協議達成(cheng)還意味着在歐(ou)☔盟有更多潛在(zai)的投資機會，包(bao)🔞括中國有競争(zheng)優勢的建築産(chǎn)業、電信🔞産業等(děng)等，屆🔞時或許會(hui)拉動國内不鏽(xiu)鋼需求。
在談判(pàn)中，中國答應進(jin)一步開放的領(lǐng)域包括制造業(yè)、汽車、金融服務(wu)業、醫療健康、通(tōng)訊/雲服務、計算(suan)機服務、國際海(hǎi)運、航空運輸、商(shang)業服務、環境服(fu)務等。目前，大約(yuē)一半的歐盟對(dui)華直接投資集(ji)中在制造業領(lǐng)域，如運輸和電(diàn)信設備、化學品(pǐn)、健康設備等等(děng)。而汽車領域方(fāng)面，中國同意逐(zhu)步取消合資企(qi)業要求，承諾新(xin)能源汽車的市(shi)場準入。此外，中(zhong)國同意取消金(jin)融服務業及醫(yi)療健康領域中(zhōng)部分行業的合(hé)資要求。
綜上(shàng)所述，總體而言(yan)，“中歐投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼及不(bú)鏽鋼企業本身(shēn)并沒有什麼利(li)好的影響，但對(dui)不鏽鋼制成品(pǐn)🐕的出口可🔆能會(huì)是利好。
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