OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐(ou)投資協定，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影響幾何(he)
2025年12月13日，中歐領導(dao)人共同宣布完成(chéng)中歐全面投資協(xie)議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是🐪一🔱個框架(jia)協議，旨在取代中(zhong)國和歐盟成員國(guó)現有的雙邊投資(zi)條🌍約，構建統一的(de)中歐雙邊♻️投資制(zhì)度。
這一談判經曆(lì)了35輪磋商，前後持(chi)續超過7年，談判曾(céng)一度停滞🈲，近一年(nian)半内有所加快，終(zhōng)于在2020年年底完成(cheng)談判，這也是繼區(qu)域全面經濟夥伴(bàn)關系協定（RCEP）之後，中(zhong)國完成的另一個(ge)💰重大對外開放舉(ju)措，也是在多年的(de)逆🌏全球化進程中(zhong)，多邊主義取得的(de)又一次🈲意義重大(da)的勝利。
那麼，“中歐(ōu)投資協定”談判的(de)完成，對不鏽鋼行(hang)業會有影響嗎？
一(yī)、如果“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟對中(zhōng)國還會有關稅👅壁(bì)㊙️壘💋麼？
近年來，由于(yu)歐盟對中國大陸(lu)的不鏽鋼出口持(chi)續🈲的反傾🎯銷🏃🏻，目前(qián)歐盟對中國大陸(lu)不鏽鋼的征收稅(shui)率高達20%以上，那麼(me)，如果“中歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐盟對中(zhong)國還會有關稅壁(bi)壘麼？
首先需要明(míng)确的是，“中歐投資(zī)協定”并不涉及關(guan)稅問題。其次，假設(she)“中歐投資協定”對(dui)不鏽鋼出口有一(yi)✔️定利好，主💞要系不(bú)鏽✌️鋼的相關制成(chéng)品，比如家電等等(děng)。但初🛀🏻步談判完成(cheng)，協議需進一步轉(zhuan)化成法律條文，并(bìng)經過歐洲議會📞批(pi)準後才🔴可生效。該(gāi)過程預計将在2021年(nián)下半年才可開始(shi)。
二、從歐洲開放領(ling)域來看，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對中國不鏽(xiù)鋼企業走出去有(yǒu)何影響？
從相關資(zi)料顯示來看，中歐(ou)投資協定将鎖定(ding)現有的中國對歐(ou)投資市場準入權(quán)，同時确保開放歐(ou)洲能源、農業、漁業(yè)、視聽、公共服務等(deng)敏感領域。此外，根(gēn)據《服務貿易總協(xie)定》（GATS），歐盟将在很大(dà)程度上開放服務(wu)行業。
站在中國立(lì)場，歐洲開放領域(yu)，為中國投資者提(tí)供🛀了更大的進入(ru)歐盟能源批發零(líng)售市場、可再生能(néng)源市💔場等領域的(de)機📧會，帶動中國新(xin)能源、汽車等相關(guan)産業的出口貿易(yi)發展。對于中國投(tou)🙇♀️資者，該協議達成(cheng)還意味着在歐盟(méng)有更多潛在的投(tou)☎️資機會，包括中國(guo)有競❄️争優勢的建(jiàn)築産業、電信産業(ye)等等，屆時或許會(hui)拉動國内不鏽鋼(gāng)需🚶求。
在談判中，中國(guo)答應進一步開放(fang)的領域包括制造(zào)業、汽車、金融服務(wu)業、醫療健康、通訊(xùn)/雲服務、計算機服(fu)務、國際海運、航空(kōng)運輸、商業服務、環(huán)境服務等。目前，大(dà)約一半的歐盟對(duì)華直接投資集中(zhong)在制造業領域，如(rú)運輸和電信設備(bei)、化學品、健康設備(bèi)等等。而汽車領域(yu)方面，中國同意逐(zhú)步取消合資企業(ye)要求，承諾新能源(yuán)汽車的市場準入(rù)。此外，中國同意取(qu)消金融服務業及(jí)醫療健康領域中(zhong)部分行業的合資(zi)要求。
綜上(shàng)所述，總體而言，“中(zhong)歐投資協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不鏽鋼企(qi)業本🎯身并沒有什(shí)麼利好的影響，但(dàn)對不鏽鋼制💃成品(pin)的出口可能會⁉️是(shi)利好。
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